5.分词作状语

现在分词作状语，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间是主动关系;过去分词作状语，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况等。

时间状语：分词作状语，相当于时间状语从句。可在分词前面加when, while.

如：Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her.有一天当她正沿着大街向前走时，她看见一个女孩朝她跑了过来。

(When she was walking along the street one day)

When heated, ice will be changed into water.当冰受热时，它就会变成水。

(When it is heated)

原因状语：相当于表示原因的状语从句

如：Having no place to go, the man wandered about in the street.由于没有要去的地方，那个男人只好在街上徘徊。

(Because the man had no place to go)

Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.他由于病了，昨天没有去上学。

(Because he was ill)

方式、伴随情况及结果状语

如：She came running back to tell us the news.她跑着回来告诉我们这个消息。(方式)

The headmaster went into the lab, followed by the foreign guests.校长走进了实验室，后面跟着外宾。(伴随)

Jane fell off the bike, cutting her leg.简从自行车上摔下，划破了腿。(结果)

条件状语：前面可带if, unless等从属连词，相当于条件状语从句。

如：Working hard, you will succeed.好好工作，你就会成功的。

(If you work hard)

Some metropolitan newspapers would make sizable volumes if printed in book form. 如果印成书的形式，有些大城市的报纸的销量会相当可观。

(If they are printed in book form)